EXPERMENT NO. 5 ( The Capacitor)

Capacitor

First i would like write some about capcitor:
Capacitors are componint that are used to store electrical charge in used in circuit. Capacitor can be used with risstor to preduce a. some that capacitor used to smooth a current in the circuit, that can prevent false trigger of other component, suh as really
when the power supplay to the circiut that induced a capacitor. The capacitor caharge up when power is turend off and the capacitor discharges it is electrical charge slowlly.

Acapcitor is composed of two conductors sepretelly lay an issulation matireal called (Dielectric). That can be paper, plastic film, cermic, air or vacuim.the plate can be almunium disc, almunium foil or then film of metal appled of opposit side.the p;ate is negative and positve, these capacitor called (electrolyte capcitor) polarised wich mens they have (posiitve ) and (negative ) leads must be in acircuit in right way.
The other type is non elctrolyte the have a lower capacitance they are not polorise , do not have positve and negative leads can be placed anywayin the circuit. They are used normmally  to smooth current in the ciirciut.

                                                           ( Non electolyte capacior)
Capitor charging Circuit
Componints: 1 * resistor, 1 * capacitor , 1 push button switch.
In this exersise i used diffrent size of resistors and capacitors. first i had calculation and used they in serise circuit and measured time on oscilloscope and recorded in the chart beloow .

Circuit number	Capacitance        (uF)	Resistance    (   K ohms)	Calculated  Time (ms)	Observed Time (ms)
1	100	1	500 (ms)	470 (ms)
2	100	0.1	50   (ms)	70 (ms)
3	100	0.47	235 (ms)	200 (ms)
4	330	1	1.65 (s)	175 (ms)

Calculation: The time depends on the ristance and capacitance (RC) in a circuit, the time constance can be calculated using uquation
T= RC
T= time in second
R= resistance in ohms
C= capacitancein frads
After 5 time constance a capacitor will be fully charging, there for the charging time of capacitor equal 5time the time connstance.
we used this formula (R*C*5=)

Connect of capacitor:
In series , work the opposit to risistors and the overal of valve of capcitor will rediuce. the formula to calculate total capacitor in serius     1/CT= 1/C1+1C2+1/C3
I n parallel, when capcitor connected the result the sum of all capacitors.
formula ;  CT = C1+C2+C3

Now i made a cicuit wich is 12Vs resistor and capacitor, i have used in that circuit diffrent size of resistor and capacitors,and measured time by used oscillscope. the observed time i recrded in chart up , and next some pictures shows wayform on oscvillocope.

Cicuit 1                             CH1     5V per division        time: 50ms per division
Capacitance: 100uF      Resistance: 1Kohms

Circuit: 2                       CH1             5V per division          time; 10ms per division
Capacitance; 100uF           Resistance: 100 ohms

Circuit ; 3                       5 V per division                    time: 25ms per division
Capacitance: 100uF              Resistance 447 0hms

Circuit 4                       5V per division                  time 25ms
Capacitance: 330uF                  Resistance: 1K ohms

How does change in the resistor affect the charging time/
If we look my calculation and obsevation time we can notice the big resistor take more charging time to charge the capacitor, and also the big capacitor has get more time to charge but store charging time is longer then small.

How does charging in the capacitor affect the chargingtime?
When the the circiut switch on the capcitor charge up when switch turned off elctricty stor for few seconds in the capacitor. the capacitor discharge slowlly . if resistor intruduce to the circuit the capacitor charge more up slowlly but also discharge slowlly
Bellow graph of chargin and discharging.